The anti-vaccine movement has never had a stable scientific claim — from MMR in 1998 to thimerosal to antigen overload to HPV safety, the goalpost shifts every time epidemiology refutes the current assertion, and the core 20% who disbelieve vaccines are now largely unreachable by evidence.
2
Autism is overwhelmingly genetic in origin, driven by roughly 100 genes identified by the Broad Institute all involved in early fetal brain development — the clinical expression at 18-19 months coincides with rapid brain-volume expansion, not with any vaccine given at that age.
3
COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, J&J) are all effective against the dominant UK B.1.1.7 variant; the South African B.1.351 and Brazilian P.1 variants reduce virus-neutralizing antibody titers in vitro, but high baseline titers preserve protection — a targeted booster is in development.
4
Hotez is developing a recombinant protein COVID vaccine (expressed in yeast, same platform as hepatitis B) that can scale to 100 million doses per month specifically to address the vaccine equity gap for Africa and Latin America.
Protocols
Concrete recipes — what, when, how much, and why
6 items
Adhere to the CDC/FDA/ACIP childhood vaccine schedule as written
WhatFollow the recommended vaccine schedule for children — do not space vaccines further apart, do not delay, do not selectively omit vaccines based on perceived low personal risk.
WhenAt each well-child visit from birth through adolescence per the schedule.
DoseThe schedule timing is based on years of immunogenicity studies showing optimal immune response at each age window, and immunological interference studies confirming vaccines given together do not blunt each other.
For whomAll children per standard pediatric care. Parents with concerns about the schedule.
WhySpacing vaccines further apart (the Dr. Bob Sears approach) has no scientific basis and creates windows of vaccine-preventable disease vulnerability. The schedule is the result of careful FDA biologics review, FDA VERPAC committee review, and CDC ACIP review by experts weighing cost-effectiveness and benefit to child health.
CaveatsSome vaccines (e.g., hepatitis B) are given early even when individual risk appears low because population-level coverage is how herd immunity is achieved; individual risk assessment systematically underestimates population-level need.
Hotez uses the Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB) example as the canonical demonstration: before the conjugate HiB vaccine was added to the infant schedule in 1989, he was admitting a child with HiB meningitis to Mass General every couple of weeks as a house officer. Within two years of adding it to the infant schedule, he was teaching the disease purely for historical interest at Yale — it had disappeared. The HiB case also illustrates why the infant schedule is biologically necessary: the capsule vaccine was not immunogenic in infants until John Robbins and Rachel Schneerson at NIH developed the haptenized conjugate form.
The current vaccine regimen the schedule is based on years and years of studies confirming immunogenicity and protection it's also based on years and years of study showing that there's no immunological interference in other words if you give two vaccines together that one doesn't interfere with the other it's a very carefully orchestrated dance.
Also said
“By the time i started rounding as an attending two years later the disease had gone it basically taught the house staff about it purely for historical interests just like you know the old guys at mass general taught me about diphtheria and tetanus that's how dramatic it was because we added it to the infant schedule.”— Hotez's personal clinical testimony on the transformative speed of HiB vaccine impact — from endemic meningitis to historical curiosity in under two years.
Vaccinate girls and boys for HPV at age 9-10, before sexual debut
WhatAdminister HPV vaccine (currently Gardasil 9 in the US) to all children — girls and boys — at age 9-10, well before any possibility of HPV exposure.
WhenAges 9-12 for the highest immune response and two-dose completion before adolescence.
DoseTwo doses if started before age 15 (given 6-12 months apart); three doses if started at 15 or older.
For whomAll children ages 9-26; catch-up recommended through age 26.
WhyHPV causes cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. Vaccination before sexual debut provides full protection because the vaccine is prophylactic. Head and neck cancers driven by HPV are one of the fastest-growing cancers in young men.
CaveatsWaiting until the child is sexually active defeats the vaccine's mechanism — by the time a person is sexually active they may already have been exposed to high-risk strains 16 and 18.
Australia's national HPV vaccination program is projected to eliminate cervical cancer from the continent by 2030 — a vaccine eliminating a cancer type. In the US, the combination of access disparities in rural areas and underrepresented minority communities, plus active anti-vaccine lobbying, means the US is moving in the opposite direction. The religious and moral backlash to vaccinating 9-year-old girls represents a systematic underweighting of long-term cancer risk.
The australian government has now launched a program where they think they can eliminate cervical cancer from the continent of australia by 2030 so that's really exciting to actually eliminate a cancer through through the vaccination process.
MMR-autism concerned parents: review the large cohort epidemiology and Brian Deer's reporting before deciding
WhatBefore delaying or refusing the MMR vaccine based on autism concerns, review Brian Deer's primary-source investigative work and the large prospective cohort studies showing no MMR-autism association.
WhenBefore the 12-15 month MMR visit; ideally before the child is born.
For whomParents with vaccine-autism concerns, especially those who have read or watched anti-vaccine materials.
WhyThe Wakefield 1998 Lancet paper was a fraud — data manipulation, undisclosed legal payments, and fabricated clinical findings. It was retracted in 2010. Subsequent large cohort studies in multiple countries show children who received the MMR vaccine are no more likely to be autistic than children who did not.
CaveatsIf after reviewing all of this evidence a parent still believes in a vaccine-autism link, Hotez acknowledges that no further evidence is likely to change that belief — the concern has moved from scientific to identity-based.
The evidence structure: (1) Brian Deer's reporting exposed nefarious intent — financial ties to plaintiff attorneys seeking to sue vaccine manufacturers, unreported conflicts, fabricated pathology. (2) The GMC struck Wakefield off the UK medical register. (3) Multiple large cohort studies in Denmark, Finland, the US, and Japan showed no association. (4) After thimerosal was removed in 1999, autism rates did not decline. (5) The Broad Institute's genetic work places autism origin in early fetal brain development, biologically incompatible with causation by a vaccine given at 12-15 months.
Kids who are autistic are no more likely to have gotten the mmr vaccine than kids who are not and similarly kids who get the mmr vaccines are no more likely to become autistic than kids who don't and really sound epidemiologic studies.
COVID-19 vaccination: get any authorized vaccine promptly — do not wait for a preferred brand
WhatAccept any FDA-authorized or EUA-approved COVID-19 vaccine rather than waiting for a specific one. All three US-available vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, J&J) are effective against the dominant UK B.1.1.7 variant.
WhenAs soon as eligible in your jurisdiction's rollout phase.
For whomAll eligible adults; adolescents 12-15 pending Pfizer EUA expansion (Pfizer released data showing high efficacy in this group the week of this recording).
WhyComparing efficacy headlines is misleading: J&J's lower headline efficacy was measured against a different disease burden distribution. Absolute risk reduction across all three vaccines is comparable. Vaccination delays extend community transmission and increase variant evolution risk.
CaveatsAstraZeneca (not available in US) shows reduced efficacy against South African B.1.351 variant, particularly for mild and moderate disease. The rare cerebral sinus venous thrombosis signal associated with AstraZeneca in Europe warrants monitoring.
Hotez walks through the comparison: Pfizer and Moderna had roughly 95% efficacy in their trials. J&J had a lower headline but the comparison is confounded by trial timing, geography including South Africa, and the fact that J&J measured against a broader disease spectrum including mild cases. On absolute risk reduction the vaccines are comparable. For adolescents 12-15, Pfizer's trial data showed 18 cases in the control group and 0 in the vaccinated group (1200 per arm) — Hotez cautions that the sample is too small for the 100% headline efficacy figure to be reliable.
The bottom line was they're all good they're all good vaccines and i also think don't be surprised if later on we're going to need a boost for all of them.
Autism diagnosis pathway: refer to Birth-to-Three early intervention as soon as developmental concerns arise
WhatIf a pediatrician or parent suspects autism-spectrum features — language delay, limited social interaction, reduced eye contact, repetitive behaviors, or regressive loss of milestones — refer immediately to Birth-to-Three early intervention services and pursue behavioral pediatrics or child psychiatry evaluation.
WhenAs early as suspicion arises; do not wait for the diagnosis to be formalized before starting early intervention.
DoseEarly intervention services are most impactful before age 3; delays reduce the window of developmental plasticity.
For whomParents of children showing any developmental concerns; pediatricians at well-child visits.
WhyEarlier intervention means more time in programs that have demonstrated benefit. The DSM criteria, while imperfect especially for girls, provide the pathway into services and insurance coverage.
CaveatsAutism is significantly underdiagnosed in girls because girls are more verbal and camouflage social deficits better (masking). High rates of comorbidities in girls on the spectrum — OCD, ADHD, eating disorders — may be the presenting complaint rather than the autism itself.
Hotez describes the team at Yale Child Study Center who diagnosed Rachel. He emphasizes the shortage of child psychiatrists as a genuine crisis. Whole exome sequencing is increasingly used in diagnosis and currently identifies a causative mutation in about 30-40% of ASD cases. In future years, whole exome sequencing done routinely on admitted children may identify the genetic basis in real time and open pharmacological intervention pathways.
Presumably you get the child gets referred to something called birth to three which is an early intervention program and at some point they get medical attention typically to a behavioral pediatrician maybe a child psychiatrist.
Pregnant women: influenza vaccination during pregnancy is safe and has no demonstrated autism link
WhatPregnant women should receive the recommended influenza vaccine during pregnancy per CDC guidelines. The prenatal origin of autism does not implicate vaccines given during pregnancy.
WhenDuring any trimester per OB guidance; flu vaccination is particularly important during pregnancy because influenza causes severe illness in pregnant women.
For whomPregnant women; OB providers counseling them on vaccines.
WhyLarge cohort studies show no association between prenatal flu vaccination and autism. The prenatal origin of autism's genetic drivers (identified via serial MRI and whole exome sequencing) does not implicate any vaccine given during pregnancy.
CaveatsWhen Hotez noted that autism must originate prenatally, anti-vaccine advocates immediately seized on prenatal vaccines as a new target — illustrating the goalpost-shifting pattern: every scientific clarification is immediately repurposed as a new accusation.
Hotez describes confronting this argument directly: when he stated autism origins are prenatal, an anti-vaccine interlocutor immediately responded by targeting prenatal flu vaccine. His response: the scientific data shows no link, and the proposed causal mechanism is biologically implausible given how flu vaccine antigens work. The same goalpost-shift happened with spacing, aluminum adjuvants, and HPV.
I said and we yes we do give some prenatal vaccines like flu vaccine and then they the immediate response was aha and i said no i mean you know again i don't see how an immunization during pregnancy could be linked to that and now the scientific data supports shows there's no link.
What's new
Personal practice updates, fresh positions, predictions
6 items
Anti-vaccine movement version 1.0 to 3.0: goalpost-shifting as the core strategy
~08 min
Every time the scientific community publishes large cohort studies refuting a vaccine-autism claim, the movement pivots to the next hypothesis — MMR, thimerosal, antigen overload, vaccine spacing, HPV safety, COVID. The autism claim never entirely disappears; it just loses the center of gravity.
Why this matters: Explains why evidence alone cannot stop the movement: it was designed to be epistemically unfalsifiable. Each refutation is reframed as pharma corruption and provides the momentum for the next version.
Background
The modern anti-vaccine movement crystallized around the 1998 Wakefield Lancet paper asserting MMR caused autism via replicating live virus in the colon. Brian Deer's investigative reporting and subsequent GMC proceedings established scientific fraud and nefarious intent. The paper was retracted in 2010.
After thimerosal was removed from childhood vaccines in 1999, autism rates did not decline — the clearest possible natural experiment. The movement's response was to shift to the next claim rather than acknowledge the refutation. The pattern repeated with HPV: infertility, miscarriage, and autoimmunity were all asserted in sequence; large cohort studies refuted each. The anti-vaccine groups then copy-pasted the same HPV assertions onto COVID vaccines almost verbatim. The shift to health freedom and medical freedom framing starting around 2014-2015 in Texas was the critical mutation that detached the movement from science-based arguments entirely.
They kept on moving the goalpost so it began in its modern form in 1998 with the wakefield paper asserting that measles mumps rubella vaccine causes autism... the scientific community responded in a very vigorous robust way... but then they switched they flipped.
Also said
“Each time the scientific community responds and what they do is to maintain momentum to re-energize they keep on shifting and the concern for me now is they're not even looking at this from a pseudo-science point of view what they're now focusing on is the politicization of it.”— Identifies the transition from pseudo-scientific to purely political framing as the most dangerous evolution.
Autism originates in early fetal brain development — not post-birth vaccination
~85 min
The Broad Institute at Harvard and MIT identified roughly 100 genes linked to autism spectrum disorder, all involved in early fetal brain development, predominantly in excitatory and inhibitory neurons and neuronal cytoskeleton. The UNC Chapel Hill group showed via serial MRI that brain structural changes are already underway in infancy, coinciding with the rapid brain-volume expansion that peaks around 18-19 months.
Why this matters: Provides the biological mechanism that makes the vaccine-autism hypothesis implausible on its face: the structural alterations are already set in motion before any post-birth vaccine is given.
Background
The regressive form of autism — where children appear to develop normally then lose milestones around 18-24 months — is what Wakefield exploited. Parents remember recent vaccinations and the coincidental timing felt causal. The UNC Chapel Hill serial MRI data predates the clinical expression by many months.
Hotez's daughter Rachel was diagnosed at 19 months; whole exome sequencing at Baylor Genetics identified a neuronal cytoskeleton gene variant as the likely driver. Whole exome sequencing currently captures a causative mutation in only about 30-40% of autism cases because non-expressed genes are missed; whole-genome sequencing would capture more. The CDC previously stated on its website that most autism diagnoses occur between 18 and 24 months — the same window as well-child visits and MMR boosters, creating a temporal coincidence that is not causal.
We can show prenatally so eric corchesney's group at ucsd and multiple groups now the broad institute at harvard mit has identified about 100 genes linked to autism spectrum disorder all involved in early fetal brain development.
Also said
“The clinical expression of autism coincided with the big increase in brain volume expansion so you could actually follow this on serial mri and that's important because a lot of parents will remember when their kid was diagnosed with autism especially the regressive form they'll remember that their kid got vaccinated around that time and want to link the two but now this group at unc chapel hill can go back much earlier back to infancy and show that there's already those changes happening in the brain.”— Direct refutation of the temporal coincidence argument — the biological changes precede the vaccination window.
Thimerosal is ethylmercury — categorically different from the methylmercury that causes Minamata disease
~22 min
RFK Jr. connected thimerosal (ethylmercury preservative in multi-dose vaccine vials) to Minamata disease (caused by industrial methylmercury contamination in Japan). The two compounds are chemically distinct. Large cohort studies found no association between thimerosal exposure and autism; autism rates did not decline after thimerosal was removed from childhood vaccines in 1999.
Why this matters: Explains the origin and the specific error in the thimerosal hypothesis — the chemical conflation that made it superficially plausible to a non-chemist environmental attorney.
Background
Thimerosal was used as a preservative in multi-dose vaccine vials to prevent bacterial overgrowth. A 2001 paper in Medical Hypotheses proposed the autism link. Manufacturers removed it from most childhood vaccines by 1999, two years before the paper was published.
The removal of thimerosal provided a natural experiment: if it caused autism, rates should have declined post-1999. They did not. Some multi-dose influenza vaccines in the US still contain thimerosal; single-dose vials are available. Methylmercury bioaccumulates in the CNS, is the form found in fish, and caused Minamata syndrome in Japan. Ethylmercury in thimerosal is cleared much faster from the body. The medical hypothesis paper was published in a speculative journal precisely because it lacked the epidemiological support required for a mainstream journal.
There was never ever any shown association between thimerosal and any untoward effect in terms of certainly in terms of autism... even after it was taken out the rates of autism never went down.
HPV vaccine protects against head and neck cancers in men — not just cervical cancer in women
~42 min
HPV-induced head and neck cancers — cancers of the soft palate, larynx, and oropharynx — are among the fastest-growing cancers in young men, transmitted sexually. Australia has launched a national program to eliminate cervical cancer by 2030 using population-wide HPV vaccination. US uptake is being actively suppressed by anti-vaccine lobbying.
Why this matters: HPV vaccination is widely perceived as a female health issue; the male head and neck cancer burden is under-communicated and represents an independent compelling reason to vaccinate all adolescents before sexual debut.
Background
The vaccine was recommended for 9-10 year old girls to ensure vaccination before sexual debut. Anti-vaccine groups subsequently targeted it with claims of infertility, miscarriage, and autoimmunity — all refuted by large cohort studies.
The US is moving in the wrong direction on HPV vaccination — not approaching Australia's elimination strategy. About 16% of all cancers globally have infectious etiologies (HPV, hepatitis B); in Africa the fraction approaches a third. The anti-vaccine groups have filed class action suits against Merck for the HPV vaccine using the same template assertions they deployed against prior vaccines. The asymmetric risk for parents: the downside of waiting until the child is sexually active is much larger than the downside of vaccinating at age 9-10.
The second or third largest growing cancer in young men is head and neck cancer on account of sexually transmitted disease... it's devastating the very aggressive surgeries that you have to do it's really heartbreaking.
COVID variant evolution: B.1.1.7 versus B.1.351 and P.1 spike-protein mutations and vaccine efficacy
~170 min
The UK B.1.1.7 variant's N501Y substitution (asparagine to tyrosine at spike position 501) creates a pi-pi aromatic ring interaction with the ACE2 receptor that increases binding affinity — explaining higher transmissibility and severity. Current vaccines still neutralize B.1.1.7 effectively because titers remain high enough. The South African B.1.351 and Brazilian P.1 variants add a second mutation (creating a lysine) that increases electrostatic binding further and reduces neutralization by existing antibodies in vitro.
Why this matters: Provides the molecular-level explanation for variant transmissibility and vaccine efficacy differences — makes concrete why variant-specific boosters may be needed and why B.1.351 and P.1 are more concerning than B.1.1.7.
Hotez showed this molecular graphic at a pediatric grand rounds at Columbia. The key practical point: for Pfizer and Moderna, even with reduced in vitro neutralization against B.1.351, the absolute starting titer is so high that sufficient residual protection remains. For AstraZeneca, which starts with lower titers, the reduction is more consequential — evidenced by a roughly 10% efficacy result in South Africa for mild and moderate disease.
You know all we're talking about with this big acceleration of cases going up in michigan and affecting younger people and higher mortality and morbidity it's all coming down to pi pi interactions between two aromatic rings in two tyrosines.
Also said
“The south african b1351 variant has a second amino acid substitution which is creating a lysine and that i think is creating extra levels of electrostatic interaction so the binding potentially is even tighter and this now is interfering with the ability of antibodies to neutralize.”— Explains the mechanism by which B.1.351 partially evades vaccine-induced immunity.
Vaccine hesitancy politicization: white Republicans became the highest-hesitancy demographic by early 2021
~120 min
PBS NewsHour and NPR and Marist polling found white Republicans at roughly 41% vaccine hesitancy — the single highest demographic. Kaiser Family Foundation twice replicated the finding. African American hesitancy, initially similarly high, was actively declining due to clergy networks and targeted outreach; Republican hesitancy remained elevated.
Why this matters: Documents the structural consequence of the anti-vaccine movement's 2014-2015 merger with Tea Party and health-freedom politics: vaccine hesitancy became a marker of political identity, not just health belief — and identity-based hesitancy is far more resistant to evidence.
The 2015 measles epidemic in Orange County (linked to Disneyland) energized the anti-vaccine movement by giving it a political grievance. Texas became the epicenter, with Texans for Vaccine Choice creating PACs that channeled money into Republican networks. The political messaging around health freedom and medical freedom was deliberately value-based rather than science-based. Hotez also flags deliberate targeting of immigrant communities — the Somali community in Minnesota leading to a measles epidemic, and Orthodox Jewish communities in New York and New Jersey with fake yellow stars comparing vaccines to the Holocaust — as documented tactics.
The pbs newshour and uh teamed up with npr and marist and they've now found that if you look at the single most vaccine hesitant group in the united states... it's what's called white republicans so it's around four i think it was 41 percent of white republicans are saying they're not going to get vaccinated.
Recommendations
Products, supplements, and tools mentioned in the episode
2 items
Deadly Choices by Paul Offit
Book
Hotez references Paul Offit's framing of measles as the canary in the coal mine for vaccine coverage — the disease with R0 of 12-18 that reappears immediately whenever coverage drops, serving as the earliest warning signal of community under-vaccination.
The canary-in-the-coal-mine framing is particularly useful for public health messaging because it makes the abstract concept of herd immunity threshold concrete: when Somali immigrant community coverage dropped from over 90% to 40%, the measles epidemic followed immediately. Same pattern in orthodox Jewish communities in New York and New Jersey in 2018-2019.
Paul offit always calls it the canary in the coal mine and it's um and i think he's right it's because it's got such a high reproductive number of 12 to 18.
Brian Deer investigative reporting on Andrew Wakefield
Book
Brian Deer's investigative journalism exposing Wakefield's fraud — the financial ties to plaintiff lawyers, the data fabrication, the ethical violations in obtaining children's biological samples — is described by both Attia and Hotez as unparalleled in its depth and rigor.
Attia describes Deer's work as going to the depths to which it was scrutinized both scientifically and even in the court of law. Hotez adds that what made Deer's contribution uniquely powerful was establishing nefarious intent — not just that Wakefield was wrong, but that he knew he was wrong and was being paid. The combination of scientific refutation and documented fraud is what should have ended the movement but did not because of the movement's goalpost-shifting adaptability.
Brian's work was extremely important and then the scientific community came in in a big way debunking all of the assertions and one of the things about the anti-vaccine lobby that it spawned or that it ignited at least in the modern sense is that they kept from then on they kept on moving the goalpost.
Vaccines Did Not Cause Rachel's Autism by Peter Hotez
Book Sponsored · disclosed
Hotez's personal and scientific account of raising a daughter with autism while simultaneously refuting the vaccine-autism hypothesis. Covers the epidemiology, the political history of the anti-vaccine movement, and his role as a target of that movement.
DisclosureGuest's own book — promoted multiple times during the episode.
Hotez refers to the book throughout the episode as the primary source for the thimerosal and goalpost-shifting sections. He held up his copy on camera during the podcast. The book is structured around Rachel's story as a way to humanize the scientific argument and reach parents who are not reading epidemiology journals.
The first publication which i write about in my book vaccines did not cause rachel's autism kind of points that out... i should get the book in front of me i could read it right to you hold on... this is the book.
Hotez and his Texas Children's Hospital team have adapted their existing SARS and MERS coronavirus vaccine platform (recombinant protein expressed in yeast, same technology as hepatitis B vaccine) for COVID-19. Goal is 100 million doses per month at low cost for Africa and Latin America — populations the mRNA vaccines cannot reach at scale.
DisclosureHotez is the vaccine developer; he explicitly describes this as his team's work.
Hotez notes the irony: he had to fight for funding to develop the most obvious thing needed — a low-cost, scalable, thermostable vaccine for low and middle-income countries — while Operation Warp Speed funds went almost entirely to novel mRNA and adenoviral platforms with cold-chain and scale-up constraints incompatible with Africa or Latin America. Anonymous donors, Tito's Vodka, the Clayburgh Foundation, and JPB Foundation eventually came through. The recombinant protein technology requires no special refrigeration and is produced in yeast fermenters already deployed globally for hepatitis B vaccine production.
We're making for sars and mares to this recombinant protein vaccine for coven 19 what's the what's the vehicle it's recombinant protein in yeast just like the hepatitis b vaccine and um you could produce a ton of it they have capacity for producing 100 million doses a month.
Lines worth pulling out — contrarian, specific, or perfectly phrased
6 items
They kept on moving the goalpost so it began in its modern form in 1998 with the wakefield paper asserting that measles mumps rubella vaccine causes autism... the scientific community responded in a very vigorous robust way... but then they switched they flipped.
The clearest description of the anti-vaccine movement's core strategy — goalpost-shifting as an epistemically unfalsifiable rhetorical weapon.
Kids who are autistic are no more likely to have gotten the mmr vaccine than kids who are not and similarly kids who get the mmr vaccines are no more likely to become autistic than kids who don't.
The canonical formulation of the MMR-autism epidemiology — stated in both directions to close both possible logical loopholes.
There was never ever any shown association between thimerosal and any untoward effect in terms of certainly in terms of autism... even after it was taken out the rates of autism never went down.
Points to the natural experiment — thimerosal removal in 1999 — that should have resolved the hypothesis definitively.
You know all we're talking about with this big acceleration of cases going up in michigan and affecting younger people and higher mortality and morbidity it's all coming down to pi pi interactions between two aromatic rings in two tyrosines.
Hotez's reductionist molecular framing of why the UK variant is more dangerous — strips epidemiological abstraction to a single changed amino acid and aromatic ring chemistry.
If we only vaccinate north america and europe it's going to be a catastrophe this virus is going to continue to circulate and cause tremendous humanitarian destruction but also who knows what other variants could evolve as well as a consequence of allowing that to go unfettered.
States the public health case for global vaccine equity in terms of direct self-interest — unvaccinated populations are variant factories that threaten vaccinated populations.
Robert f kennedy jr calls me the on his instagram called me the og villain the original gangster villain so that's who you're talking to today.
Hotez's wry self-introduction capturing his centrality in the vaccine science communication battle — he is the named enemy of the most prominent anti-vaccine organization in the US.
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