Mostly Unprocessed, UPF as Treat
This protocol is Norton's practical distillation of the UPF–mental health debate. He explicitly rejects the idea that a specific ingredient in processed foods is slowly destroying mental health. Instead, he frames the problem as a cascade: a diet dominated by UPFs tends to be low in protein, fiber, and micronutrients while being calorically dense, which promotes weight gain. That weight gain, in turn, is a well-established risk factor for mental health deterioration. By flipping the equation and making minimally processed foods the foundation, you naturally increase satiating nutrients and reduce the risk of overeating. You also avoid the guilt and food anxiety that often accompany rigid ‘clean eating’ rules. He emphasizes that the goal is not to eliminate UPFs but to make them a minority contribution so that they don't drive a caloric surplus.
Norton explains that UPFs promote passive overconsumption because they are engineered to be calorie-dense and highly palatable, which can lead to obesity. Excess body fat then becomes a risk factor for poor mental health through likely both physiological (inflammation, hormonal dysregulation) and psychological (body image, mobility issues) mechanisms. By keeping UPFs as occasional treats rather than staples, you lower the probability of unknowingly entering a chronic caloric surplus, thus protecting body composition and, indirectly, mental health.
I think the majority of your diet should be from minimally processed foods, but ... if you have some ultra processed foods as treats, not really that worried about it as long as you're not overeating.

